Linux下如何做到这些呢?我的大脑飞速地旋转着,有了,让它在SIGSEGV的handler中调用gdb,于是第三个方法又诞生了:3.段错误时启动调试:view plainprint?
#include #include #include #include
void dump(int signo)
{ char buf[1024];char cmd[1024];FILE *fh;
snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "/proc/%d/cmdline", getpid());if(!(fh = fopen(buf, "r")))
exit(0);if(!fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), fh))
exit(0);fclose(fh);if(buf[strlen(buf) - 1] == '\n')
buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = '\0';snprintf(cmd, sizeof(cmd), "gdb %s %d", buf, getpid());system(cmd);
exit(0);}
void dummy_function (void)
{ unsigned char *ptr = 0x00;*ptr = 0x00;}
int main (void)
{ signal(SIGSEGV, &dump);dummy_function ();
return 0;}编译运行效果如下:view plainprint?
luke@gentux test $ gcc -g -rdynamic f.c luke@gentux test $ ./a.out GNU gdb 6.5 Copyright (C) 2006 Free Software Foundation, Inc. GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions. Type "show copying" to see the conditions. There is absolutely no warranty for GDB. Type "show warranty" for details. This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-linux-gnu"……Using host libthread_db library "/lib/libthread_db.so.1".
Attaching to program: /home/xiaosuo/test/a.out, process 9563 Reading symbols from /lib/libc.so.6……done. Loaded symbols for /lib/libc.so.6 Reading symbols from /lib/ld-linux.so.2……done. Loaded symbols for /lib/ld-linux.so.2 0xffffe410 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
(gdb) bt #0 0xffffe410 in __kernel_vsyscall ()
#1 0xb7ee4b53 in waitpid () from /lib/libc.so.6 #2 0xb7e925c9 in strtold_l () from /lib/libc.so.6 #3 0x08048830 in dump (signo=11) at f.c:22 #4 #5 0x0804884c in dummy_function () at f.c:31 #6 0x08048886 in main () at f.c:38怎么样?是不是依旧很酷?
以上方法都是在系统上有gdb的前提下进行的,如果没有呢?其实glibc为我们提供了此类能够dump栈内容的函数簇,详见/usr /include/execinfo.h(这些函数都没有提供man page,难怪我们找不到),另外你也可以通过gnu的手册进行学习。
4.利用backtrace和objdump进行分析:重写的代码如下:view plainprint?
#include #include #include #include
/* A dummy function to make the backtrace more interesting. */ void dummy_function (void)
{ unsigned char *ptr = 0x00;*ptr = 0x00;}
void dump(int signo)
{ void *array[10];size_t size;char **strings;size_t i;
size = backtrace (array, 10);strings = backtrace_symbols (array, size);
printf ("Obtained %zd stack frames.\n", size);
for (i = 0; i < size; i++)
printf ("%s\n", strings[i]);
free (strings);
exit(0);}
int main (void)
{ signal(SIGSEGV, &dump);dummy_function ();
return 0;}编译运行结果如下:view plainprint?
luke@gentux test $ gcc -g -rdynamic g.c luke@gentux test $ ./a.out Obtained 5 stack frames.。/a.out(dump+0x19) [0x80486c2] [0xffffe420]./a.out(main+0x35) [0x804876f] /lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xe6) [0xb7e02866]./a.out [0x8048601]这次你可能有些失望,似乎没能给出足够的信息来标示错误,不急,先看看能分析出来什么吧,用objdump反汇
编程序,找到地址 0x804876f对应的代码位置:view plainprint?
luke@gentux test $ objdump -d a.out
8048765: e8 02 fe ff ff call 804856c 804876a: e8 25 ff ff ff call 8048694 804876f: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax 8048774: c9 leave我们还是找到了在哪个函数(dummy_function)中出错的,信息已然不是很完整,不过有总比没有好的啊!
后记:本文给出了分析"段错误"的几种方法,不要认为这是与孔乙己先生的"回"字四种写法一样的哦,因为每种方法都有其自身的适用范围和适用环境,请酌情使用,或遵医嘱。